MEMORANDUM

Planning & Development Services Department

Code Enforcement Division

 

To:       Diane Stoddard, Assistant City Manager    

 

Thru:    Victor Torres, Assistant Director, Development Services

            Brian Jimenez, Code Enforcement Manager        

 

From:   Dan Johnson, Code Enforcement Officer   

 

Date:    January 25, 2008

 

As a follow up to a request for additional information pertaining to other cities protocols in addressing demolition by neglect, CED staff contacted 15 cities to obtain their procedures involving blighted properties. 

 

The following 8 cities were called and emailed to provide feedback to staff.  These cities either did not respond or did not provide any relevant information to our inquiry.

 

·         Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

·         Ames, Iowa

·         Columbus, Ohio

·         Manhattan, Kansas 

·         College Station, Texas

·         Norman, Oklahoma

·         Albany, Georgia

·         Denver, Colorado

 

The following cities provided information:

 

Kansas City, Kansas (Unified Gov’t of Wyandotte County)

 

The city of Kansas City does not have any current alternatives for abating blighted structures other than going through the court process or demolition if warranted.  They are researching other options but this research is in its infancy stage.  Their staff works to find the owner and hold them responsible for the repairs.  When appropriate, staff tries to refer the owners to organizations that have the resources to help them make the repairs.  If obtaining assistance is not possible and the house is sub standard, the house is flagged unfit for human habitations and the tenant if there is one is ordered to vacate the structure.  In most cases involving this scenario, the structure ends up being demolished.  Last year the city removed over 150 structures.  The city’s population is approximately 160,000.

 

In situations where the owner cannot be located, the case will always be considered for demolition if the conditions warrant the removal of the structure.  Before it is demolished, the city has a title company perform a title search in an attempt to find all owners, banks, mortgage companies or other interested parties.  They also publish the complaint and order two times in the newspaper.

 

In situations where the structure is vacant, the city has the structure secured (boarded up) by a contractor.  The fees associated with this service are then placed as a special assessment or lien against the property. 

 

Lincoln, Nebraska

 

The City of Lincoln enforces blighted property much like our city.  The owner is sent a notice to correct the violations.  The city has a dangerous building code and the end result could end in the demolition of the property.  Absentee property owners are not a major problem.  The city’s “hands” are often tied in cases where the property is vacant and they cannot locate owner.  Usually in this situation the property sits vacant until the property deteriorates to the point where the dangerous building provisions come into play.

 

There are substandard conditions language in the city’s code that allows for the city to make repairs but rarely do they proceed with this option.  The most likely scenario is securing the structure or demolition.  When demolition is necessary, the city often encourages the owner to take the property down. 

 

The city’s main tool to fight blighted properties remains the court process.  Staff is aggressive with filing complaints and each day is a separate violation.  They looked at adopting a neglected building ordinance but decided not to proceed. 

 

The city did not demolish any properties during 2007 and only a few were demolished in 2006.  The approximate population of Lincoln is 225,000.

 

Omaha, Nebraska

 

The city follows enforcement procedures similar to our city.  Violations are written and mailed to the owner asking for the owner to bring the property into compliance.  If the violations are severe enough to warrant the property vacated then staff tracks the property to ensure there is an end result. 

 

The city does have a neglected building ordinance which requires the owner to register the property with the city.  There is a list of all properties that are registered which is available to the public.  This list is often used by those who are seeking to purchase investments properties or by people who are looking for “fixer uppers”.  Many times a buyer discovers a property by viewing this list and purchases the property which results in the problem being solved.

 

The city often relies on several faith organizations that are willing to assist occupied structures where the owners are financially unable to make the necessary repairs.  Additionally, there are high schools that have student volunteers that will go to the neglected structure and assist with minor projects such as painting of the exterior.  As with all cities, there are CDBG funds available to those who wish to apply for the funds and qualify. 

 

When there is a situation involving an abandoned property that is in violation, the city has probate attorneys that oversee this process.  While the legal issues are being addressed, staff makes sure the structure is secure and there are no additional violations such as yard violations.

 

Last year the city ordered 40 demolitions as a result of staff’s enforcement activity.  The approximate population of Omaha is 420,000.

 

Dayton, Ohio

 

The city of Dayton also enforces blighted property similar to our city.  Staff writes up the violations and then send by certified mail.  There are provisions in the code which allow for the city make repairs but like our city the city rarely chooses to go this route.  There have been a couple of situations in the last few years in historical areas where the city went in and made repairs to the structures to prevent a demolition by neglect situation.  The city does not have money budgeted to allow for more occurrences of the city repairing structures.

 

Once a property is determined to be blighted, the owner usually has between 45 to 60 days to make repairs.  The city does have problems with vacant structures as their city has lost thousands of jobs over the last few decades.  Many neighborhoods have lost their fight to keep blighted properties from occurring due to the high number of absentee property owners. 

 

The city is very aggressive in removing structural nuisance properties as there were 131 structures demolished in 2007 and the city is projected to remove another 300 this year.  It is the city’s hope that the property will be redeveloped or at least be green space until the redevelopment occurs.  The city very seldom experiences any opposition from the public regarding the demolition of structures.  The population of Dayton is approximately 150,000.

 

Salisbury, North Carolina

 

City staff determines if the property requires repair work to be done or is a candidate for demolition.  If the property remains in non-compliance after orders to repair or demolish have been made their code allows for up to a $100 dollar fine per day.  The city has the option in their code for the city to make the repairs, however this option is seldom exercised.  In most cases, there is usually a fine and in the most serve cases the structure is taken down.

 

The city has taken down as many as 13 structures in a year.  In the last few years, the city has not ordered any structures to be demolished.  Part of the reason the city has not demolished any structures within the last couple of years is they have shifted their focus to exerting pressure on the owners to demolish the structures themselves or make the necessary repairs to avert possible demolition.  There are no regulations pertaining to requiring vacant structures to be registered with the city.

 

There are CDBG funds available however much like our city the properties must be owner occupied and those owners must be willing to apply and qualify for the funds available.  Salisbury’s population is very close to our city’s as their population is approximately 110,000.  The city averages between 5 to 8 city ordered demolitions per year.

 

St. Joseph, Missouri

 

The city also handles blighted properties much like our like city.  If the property is in disrepair but not to the point of demolition a notice of violation is sent to the owner.  All violations are identified and the owner is asked to make contact with the inspector to submit a repair plan.  The city currently has 116 properties in this state of condition.  If the owner fails to make repairs the case is then forwarded to city court.  The city experiences favorable results with the cases as the judge is a former prosecuting attorney and has a very good understanding of what the city is trying to accomplish by removing severely dilapidated structures.

 

If the property is in a condition that supports demolition, a certified letter is mailed to the owner giving the owner 30 days to make repairs or demolish.  The owner has the right to make an appeal during these 30 days during a dangerous building hearing that is held once a month.  If the property in question is vacant and the owner cannot be located the city will publish in newspaper identifying the property as to be demolished. 

 

The majority of structures that are demolished by the city are funded through CDBG funds.  Last year, the city ordered 25 structures demolished and in 2006 the city removed 43 structures.  The approximate population of St. Joseph is 74,000. Additionally, the majority of the structures demolished are vacant where the owners simply walk away from the property due to the deteriorating condition. 

 

Sacramento, California

 

The city has an ordinance similar to Wichita’s except the ordinance only applies to structures that are vacant.  This recently revised ordinance decreases the time a vacant building can be declared a public nuisance from 90 to 30 days by code enforcement staff.  The majority of their vacant buildings do not come under the category of public nuisance.  Only those vacant buildings that are not maintained and/or neglected can be cited as public nuisances. 

 

When the owner of a vacant building fails to actively maintain and manage the building, the building usually becomes a major cause of blight in both residential and nonresidential neighborhoods.  Once a building becomes in violation, the city lists all open vacant building cases on the city website which is updated monthly. 

 

The penalties associated with the ordinance consists of a monthly monitoring fee of $150 in addition to a $150 enforcement response fee for each time city personnel is called to the vacant building site.  A penalty up to $1,000 is imposed for the first violation and up to $5,000 for every 30 days for every subsequent violation.  The new ordinance places a new requirement of posting a notice in a conspicuous place on the front of the building stating the name, address and phone number of the owner(s) of the property. 

 

The city’s population is approximately 450,000 which makes it the largest city researched.  It is reasonable to conclude the scope of the city’s problems with neglected buildings corresponds with the size of the city as there are currently 18 pages of neglected vacant buildings listed on the city’s website.

 

Summary

 

The above-mentioned research correlates with the research that was provided in the memo dated December 18, 2007.  It is staff’s opinion that there are no easy solutions to the problem of demolition by neglect.  After researching other city’s policies and ordinances, staff has learned the following:

 

  • The cities researched are much more aggressive than our city regarding city ordered demolitions.
  • The cities researched experience problems with absentee property owners who in many cases simply walk away from a deteriorated property.
  • Most cities have very similar enforcement protocols to our city’s protocol which include filing a complaint through court and eventually ordering the structure to be demolished when warranted.
  • There are provisions in other cities codes that allow for the city to repair but like our city this option is seldom utilized as there is often not enough money budgeted for this option.
  • There are CDBG funds available for owners who apply and qualify, however the majority of the structures deemed neglected by the cities researched along with our city are owned by people who do not seek assistance for available funds.  Cities are experiencing a reduction in CDBG funds which is the also the trend our city is experiencing.
  • Neglected/Vacant Building Ordinances are becoming a trend in larger cities as these cities are attempting to address the issue by a different approach.
  • Old structures specifically residential structures need improvements made throughout the life of the structure.  Aging structures can deteriorate rapidly over a short period of time resulting in a perfect example of demolition by neglect.
  • The cities researched view the demolition of structures as a good thing that leads to redevelopment or at least green space which helps maintain the integrity of the neighborhoods.  
  • The majority of demolitions involve vacant structures where the property owner has abandoned the property.
  • Our city may want to study Wichita’s Neglected Building Ordinance to determine if that is a direction our city may wish to consider.